Selected macro minerals in blood of goats of Paraguay: calcium and magnesium analysis in Saanen dairy goats in transition pre and postpartum period
Keywords:
mineral profile, goats, gestation, lactationAbstract
The present work was carried out in the Department of Physiological Sciences and in the Division of Clinical Pathology of the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of the National University of Asunción, with the objective of evaluating variations on the profiles of macro minerals in blood of goat females in the periods of pre-delivery and postpartum transition. The study was performed on a homogeneous herd of 11 Saanen dairy goats subjected to the same management and feeding, belonging to a producer farm from Villa Elisa. Blood samples corresponding to pre and post-natal transition period were extracted to obtain serum samples for further processing. Elements analyzed were macro nutrients Ca and Mg. The registered tenors were within the reference values. Further, the mean of calcium increased in the postpartum period relative to the preterm (p = 0.005), with values of magnesium (p = 0.58) very similar in both studied periods. The lower value of Ca at the ending of gestation, is attributed to the increased demand for mineralization of the fetal skeleton and to the subsequent output of calcium from the blood. The tenors of both elements are within the reference. It can be concluded that the feeding received by the animals is correct / appropriate, as well as the management in the climatic and environmental conditions of the country, variables that affect the physiological state.
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References
1. Payne JM, Dew SM, Manston R, Faulks M- The use of a metabolic profile test in dairy herds.- Vet Rec. 1970 8;87(6):150-8.
2. Maye?n Mena, J. Ganado caprino. Me?xico: Trillas. 2009.
3. Rami?rez Lozano, R. G. Nutricio?n de caprinos en pastoreo. Me?xico: Trillas. 2008.
4 v Engelhardt W, Breves G Fisiologi?a Veterinaria- Zaragoza –Acribia (2005).
5. Blanco A. Qui?mica Biolo?gica 7a Edicio?n. Buenos Aires- El Ateneo.2002.
6. Wittwer, F. 2012. Manual de patologi?a cli?nica veterinaria. 2a ed. Valdivia; Ame?rica 2012.
7. Wittwer, F. 2000. Diagno?stico de desequilibrios metabo?licos de energi?a en reban?os. Porto Alegre: Gra?fica de la Univ.Nacio. de Rio Grande do Sul. 2000.
8. Krajnic?a?kova? M, *Kova?c? G, Kostecky? M, *Valocky? I, I Marac?ek I, S?utiakova? I., Lenhardt L. Selected clinico-biochemical parameters in the puerperal period of goats Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy .[ Internet] 2003:Acceso 13/03/2017; 47, 177-182,
9. Tharwat, M., Ali, A. and AL-Sobayil, F.. Hematological and biochemical profiles in goats during the transition period. Comp. Clin. Pathol. 2013 DOI 10.1007/s00580-013-1842-1.
10. MC Dowell, L.R. Minerals in animal and human nutrition. San Diego; Academic Press.1992
11. Cantu? Bitor, J. E. Zootecnia del ganado caprino. Me?xico: Trillas. 2008
12. Janns, E.; Cofre?, P. Alimentacio?n de la cabra lechera. [Internet]. Concepcio?n; 2004 Consultado 27 set. 2015. Disponible en http://www. webs.ulpgc.es/nutranim/tema27.htm
13. Jimeno,V.; Rebollar, J.V. ; Castro, T. 2003. Nutricio?n y alimentacio?n del caprino de leche en sistemas intensivos de explotacio?n. [Internet] Madrid, Espan?a. Consultado 9 nov. 2015. Disponible en: http://www.ucv.ve/fileadmin/user_upload/facultad_agronomia/Caprinos_de_leche.pdf
14. MACDonald, P.; Edwards, R.; Greenhlg, J. 2011. Nutricio?n animal 7a ed. Zaragoza: Acribia. 2011.
15. Sager R. L. y Rossanigo C. E. Valores se?ricos de calcio, fo?sforo, magnesio, cobre y zinc en cabras del centro-oeste de la argentina. . XIVa Reunio?n Cienti?fico Te?cnica de la Asoc. Arg. De Veterinarios de Laboratorios de Diagno?stico. Villa Gral. Belgrano (Co?rdoba). [Internet] www.produccio?n-animal.com.ar . 2002
16. Olmedo-Jua?rez A,, Rojo .Z,. Salemb M, Va?zquez-Armijoa J.F et al. Concentracio?n de algunos elementos minerales en el suero sangui?neo de cabras no lactantes en una regio?n subtropical del suroeste del Estado de Me?xico]Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 15(2012): 71-75
17. Kaneko, J.J“Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals”.4th edition- San Diego. Academic Press, 1989
18. Jackson, P., Cockcroft, P. Appendix 3-Laboratory Reference Values Biochemistry en Clinical examination of farm animals. Oxford, Blackwell Sciences Ltd 2002.
19. Orden E A, Serra A. P., Serra S D Aganom C.P. et al – Mineral concentration in blood of crazing goats and some forage in Lahar – Laden area of central Luzon, Phillippines. Assian- Aus.J. Anim. Sci. 1999. 12(3): 422-428. [Internet] Acceso 12/05/2017.
20. Cotton G Wilkinson G Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. 5thEdition NewYork. J. Wiley and Sons . 1988
21. Jahnen-Dechent W and Ketteler M - Magnesium basics- Clin Kidney J. 2012 Feb; 5(Suppl 1): i3–i14. doi: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfr163.
22 Dan Schauff, The Importance of Macro-Minerals: Magnesium The Agri-King Advantage [Internet] 2014; Acceso 12/12/2016; 5, (3). www.agriking.com.
23. Guyot H, Trace minerals deficiency diagnosis in ruminants. In Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Soc.of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. .Klinkon M, Jezek J, Staric J, Eds.- 45-50. Univ. of Ljubljana-Ljubljana (2012).
24. Trezeguet M.anilla, G., Lacchini, R., Muro, G. et al.. 2008. Evolucio?n de indicadores del metabolismo mineral de cabras em gestacio?n y lactancia con diferentes niveles nutricionales..Art Rumiantes.2008 [Internet] Acceso 18/02/2017-Albe?itar Ed. on line . http://albeitar.portalveterinaria.com/
25. Brzezin?ska M. Krawczyk M., Changes of the mineral profile of serum of goats in various physiological states- J. Elementol. 2009, [ Internet] Acceso :8/05/2017 14(4): 649–656
(1) Payne JM, Dew SM, Manston R, Faulks M- The use of a metabolic profile test in dairy herds.- Vet Rec. 1970 8;87(6):150-8.
(2) Maye?n Mena, J. Ganado caprino. Me?xico: Trillas. 2009.
(3) Rami?rez Lozano, R. G. Nutricio?n de caprinos en pastoreo. Me?xico: Trillas. 2008.
(4) Engelhardt W, Breves G Fisiologi?a Veterinaria- Zaragoza –Acribia (2005).
(5) Blanco A. Qui?mica Biolo?gica 7a Edicio?n. Buenos Aires- El Ateneo.2002.
(6) Wittwer, F. 2012. Manual de patologi?a cli?nica veterinaria. 2a ed. Valdivia; Ame?rica 2012.
(7) Wittwer, F. 2000. Diagno?stico de desequilibrios metabo?licos de energi?a en reban?os. Porto Alegre: Gra?fica de la Univ.Nacio. de Rio Grande do Sul. 2000.
(8) Krajnic?a?kova? M, *Kova?c? G, Kostecky? M, *Valocky? I, I Marac?ek I, S?utiakova? I., Lenhardt L. Selected clinico-biochemical parameters in the puerperal period of goats Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy .[ Internet] 2003:Acceso 13/03/2017; 47, 177-182,
(9) Tharwat, M., Ali, A. and AL-Sobayil, F.. Hematological and biochemical profiles in goats during the transition period. Comp. Clin. Pathol. 2013 DOI 10.1007/s00580-013-1842-1.
(10) MC Dowell, L.R. Minerals in animal and human nutrition. San Diego; Academic Press.1992
(11) Cantu? Bitor, J. E. Zootecnia del ganado caprino. Me?xico: Trillas. 2008
(12) Janns, E.; Cofre?, P. Alimentacio?n de la cabra lechera. [Internet]. Concepcio?n; 2004 Consultado 27 set. 2015. Disponible en http://www. webs.ulpgc.es/nutranim/tema27.htm
(13) Jimeno,V.; Rebollar, J.V. ; Castro, T. 2003. Nutricio?n y alimentacio?n del caprino de leche en sistemas intensivos de explotacio?n. [Internet] Madrid, Espan?a. Consultado 9 nov. 2015. Disponible en: http://www.ucv.ve/fileadmin/user_upload/facultad_agronomia/Caprinos_de_leche.pdf
(14) MACDonald, P.; Edwards, R.; Greenhlg, J. 2011. Nutricio?n animal 7a ed. Zaragoza: Acribia. 2011.
(15) Sager R. L. y Rossanigo C. E. Valores se?ricos de calcio, fo?sforo, magnesio, cobre y zinc en cabras del centro-oeste de la argentina. . XIVa Reunio?n Cienti?fico Te?cnica de la Asoc. Arg. De Veterinarios de Laboratorios de Diagno?stico. Villa Gral. Belgrano (Co?rdoba). [Internet] www.produccio?n-animal.com.ar . 2002
(16) Olmedo-Jua?rez A,, Rojo .Z,. Salemb M, Va?zquez-Armijoa J.F et al. Concentracio?n de algunos elementos minerales en el suero sangui?neo de cabras no lactantes en una regio?n subtropical del suroeste del Estado de Me?xico]Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 15(2012): 71-75
(17) Kaneko, J.J“Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals”.4th edition- San Diego. Academic Press, 1989
(18) Jackson, P., Cockcroft, P. Appendix 3-Laboratory Reference Values Biochemistry en Clinical examination of farm animals. Oxford, Blackwell Sciences Ltd 2002.
(19) Orden E A, Serra A. P., Serra S D Aganom C.P. et al – Mineral concentration in blood of crazing goats and some forage in Lahar – Laden area of central Luzon, Phillippines. Assian- Aus.J. Anim. Sci. 1999. 12(3): 422-428. [Internet] Acceso 12/05/2017.
(20) Cotton G Wilkinson G Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. 5thEdition NewYork. J. Wiley and Sons . 1988
(21) Jahnen-Dechent W and Ketteler M - Magnesium basics- Clin Kidney J. 2012 Feb; 5(Suppl 1): i3–i14. doi: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfr163.
(22) Dan Schauff, The Importance of Macro-Minerals: Magnesium The Agri-King Advantage [Internet] 2014; Acceso 12/12/2016; 5, (3). www.agriking.com.
(23) Guyot H, Trace minerals deficiency diagnosis in ruminants. In Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Soc.of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. .Klinkon M, Jezek J, Staric J, Eds.- 45-50. Univ. of Ljubljana-Ljubljana (2012).
(24) Trezeguet M.anilla, G., Lacchini, R., Muro, G. et al.. 2008. Evolucio?n de indicadores del metabolismo mineral de cabras em gestacio?n y lactancia con diferentes niveles nutricionales..Art Rumiantes.2008 [Internet] Acceso 18/02/2017-Albe?itar Ed. on line . http://albeitar.portalveterinaria.com/
(25) Brzezin?ska M. Krawczyk M., Changes of the mineral profile of serum of goats in various physiological states- J. Elementol. 2009, [ Internet] Acceso :8/05/2017 14(4): 649–656
(26) Brzezin?ska, M. ,Krawczyk, M. 2010. The influence of pregnancy and lactation on the magnesium and calcium concentration in goats blood serum.. J. Elementol. 2010,[Internet] Acceso :8/05/2017 - 15,(1) 31-47
(27) Elnageeb, M.E., Adelatif, A.M. The minerals profiles in desert ewes (Ovis aries): Effects of pregnancy, lactation and dietary supplementation. American- Euroasiam J. Agric. Environ. Sci. [ Internet] 2010 Acceso 14/12/2016; 7 (1), 18-30
(26) Brzezin?ska, M. ,Krawczyk, M. 2010. The influence of pregnancy and lactation on the magnesium and calcium concentration in goats blood serum.. J. Elementol. 2010,[Internet] Acceso :8/05/2017 - 15,(1) 31-47
(27) Elnageeb, M.E., Adelatif, A.M. The minerals profiles in desert ewes (Ovis aries): Effects of pregnancy, lactation and dietary supplementation. American- Euroasiam J. Agric. Environ. Sci. [ Internet] 2010 Acceso 14/12/2016; 7 (1), 18-30
2. Maye?n Mena, J. Ganado caprino. Me?xico: Trillas. 2009.
3. Rami?rez Lozano, R. G. Nutricio?n de caprinos en pastoreo. Me?xico: Trillas. 2008.
4 v Engelhardt W, Breves G Fisiologi?a Veterinaria- Zaragoza –Acribia (2005).
5. Blanco A. Qui?mica Biolo?gica 7a Edicio?n. Buenos Aires- El Ateneo.2002.
6. Wittwer, F. 2012. Manual de patologi?a cli?nica veterinaria. 2a ed. Valdivia; Ame?rica 2012.
7. Wittwer, F. 2000. Diagno?stico de desequilibrios metabo?licos de energi?a en reban?os. Porto Alegre: Gra?fica de la Univ.Nacio. de Rio Grande do Sul. 2000.
8. Krajnic?a?kova? M, *Kova?c? G, Kostecky? M, *Valocky? I, I Marac?ek I, S?utiakova? I., Lenhardt L. Selected clinico-biochemical parameters in the puerperal period of goats Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy .[ Internet] 2003:Acceso 13/03/2017; 47, 177-182,
9. Tharwat, M., Ali, A. and AL-Sobayil, F.. Hematological and biochemical profiles in goats during the transition period. Comp. Clin. Pathol. 2013 DOI 10.1007/s00580-013-1842-1.
10. MC Dowell, L.R. Minerals in animal and human nutrition. San Diego; Academic Press.1992
11. Cantu? Bitor, J. E. Zootecnia del ganado caprino. Me?xico: Trillas. 2008
12. Janns, E.; Cofre?, P. Alimentacio?n de la cabra lechera. [Internet]. Concepcio?n; 2004 Consultado 27 set. 2015. Disponible en http://www. webs.ulpgc.es/nutranim/tema27.htm
13. Jimeno,V.; Rebollar, J.V. ; Castro, T. 2003. Nutricio?n y alimentacio?n del caprino de leche en sistemas intensivos de explotacio?n. [Internet] Madrid, Espan?a. Consultado 9 nov. 2015. Disponible en: http://www.ucv.ve/fileadmin/user_upload/facultad_agronomia/Caprinos_de_leche.pdf
14. MACDonald, P.; Edwards, R.; Greenhlg, J. 2011. Nutricio?n animal 7a ed. Zaragoza: Acribia. 2011.
15. Sager R. L. y Rossanigo C. E. Valores se?ricos de calcio, fo?sforo, magnesio, cobre y zinc en cabras del centro-oeste de la argentina. . XIVa Reunio?n Cienti?fico Te?cnica de la Asoc. Arg. De Veterinarios de Laboratorios de Diagno?stico. Villa Gral. Belgrano (Co?rdoba). [Internet] www.produccio?n-animal.com.ar . 2002
16. Olmedo-Jua?rez A,, Rojo .Z,. Salemb M, Va?zquez-Armijoa J.F et al. Concentracio?n de algunos elementos minerales en el suero sangui?neo de cabras no lactantes en una regio?n subtropical del suroeste del Estado de Me?xico]Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 15(2012): 71-75
17. Kaneko, J.J“Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals”.4th edition- San Diego. Academic Press, 1989
18. Jackson, P., Cockcroft, P. Appendix 3-Laboratory Reference Values Biochemistry en Clinical examination of farm animals. Oxford, Blackwell Sciences Ltd 2002.
19. Orden E A, Serra A. P., Serra S D Aganom C.P. et al – Mineral concentration in blood of crazing goats and some forage in Lahar – Laden area of central Luzon, Phillippines. Assian- Aus.J. Anim. Sci. 1999. 12(3): 422-428. [Internet] Acceso 12/05/2017.
20. Cotton G Wilkinson G Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. 5thEdition NewYork. J. Wiley and Sons . 1988
21. Jahnen-Dechent W and Ketteler M - Magnesium basics- Clin Kidney J. 2012 Feb; 5(Suppl 1): i3–i14. doi: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfr163.
22 Dan Schauff, The Importance of Macro-Minerals: Magnesium The Agri-King Advantage [Internet] 2014; Acceso 12/12/2016; 5, (3). www.agriking.com.
23. Guyot H, Trace minerals deficiency diagnosis in ruminants. In Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Soc.of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. .Klinkon M, Jezek J, Staric J, Eds.- 45-50. Univ. of Ljubljana-Ljubljana (2012).
24. Trezeguet M.anilla, G., Lacchini, R., Muro, G. et al.. 2008. Evolucio?n de indicadores del metabolismo mineral de cabras em gestacio?n y lactancia con diferentes niveles nutricionales..Art Rumiantes.2008 [Internet] Acceso 18/02/2017-Albe?itar Ed. on line . http://albeitar.portalveterinaria.com/
25. Brzezin?ska M. Krawczyk M., Changes of the mineral profile of serum of goats in various physiological states- J. Elementol. 2009, [ Internet] Acceso :8/05/2017 14(4): 649–656
(1) Payne JM, Dew SM, Manston R, Faulks M- The use of a metabolic profile test in dairy herds.- Vet Rec. 1970 8;87(6):150-8.
(2) Maye?n Mena, J. Ganado caprino. Me?xico: Trillas. 2009.
(3) Rami?rez Lozano, R. G. Nutricio?n de caprinos en pastoreo. Me?xico: Trillas. 2008.
(4) Engelhardt W, Breves G Fisiologi?a Veterinaria- Zaragoza –Acribia (2005).
(5) Blanco A. Qui?mica Biolo?gica 7a Edicio?n. Buenos Aires- El Ateneo.2002.
(6) Wittwer, F. 2012. Manual de patologi?a cli?nica veterinaria. 2a ed. Valdivia; Ame?rica 2012.
(7) Wittwer, F. 2000. Diagno?stico de desequilibrios metabo?licos de energi?a en reban?os. Porto Alegre: Gra?fica de la Univ.Nacio. de Rio Grande do Sul. 2000.
(8) Krajnic?a?kova? M, *Kova?c? G, Kostecky? M, *Valocky? I, I Marac?ek I, S?utiakova? I., Lenhardt L. Selected clinico-biochemical parameters in the puerperal period of goats Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy .[ Internet] 2003:Acceso 13/03/2017; 47, 177-182,
(9) Tharwat, M., Ali, A. and AL-Sobayil, F.. Hematological and biochemical profiles in goats during the transition period. Comp. Clin. Pathol. 2013 DOI 10.1007/s00580-013-1842-1.
(10) MC Dowell, L.R. Minerals in animal and human nutrition. San Diego; Academic Press.1992
(11) Cantu? Bitor, J. E. Zootecnia del ganado caprino. Me?xico: Trillas. 2008
(12) Janns, E.; Cofre?, P. Alimentacio?n de la cabra lechera. [Internet]. Concepcio?n; 2004 Consultado 27 set. 2015. Disponible en http://www. webs.ulpgc.es/nutranim/tema27.htm
(13) Jimeno,V.; Rebollar, J.V. ; Castro, T. 2003. Nutricio?n y alimentacio?n del caprino de leche en sistemas intensivos de explotacio?n. [Internet] Madrid, Espan?a. Consultado 9 nov. 2015. Disponible en: http://www.ucv.ve/fileadmin/user_upload/facultad_agronomia/Caprinos_de_leche.pdf
(14) MACDonald, P.; Edwards, R.; Greenhlg, J. 2011. Nutricio?n animal 7a ed. Zaragoza: Acribia. 2011.
(15) Sager R. L. y Rossanigo C. E. Valores se?ricos de calcio, fo?sforo, magnesio, cobre y zinc en cabras del centro-oeste de la argentina. . XIVa Reunio?n Cienti?fico Te?cnica de la Asoc. Arg. De Veterinarios de Laboratorios de Diagno?stico. Villa Gral. Belgrano (Co?rdoba). [Internet] www.produccio?n-animal.com.ar . 2002
(16) Olmedo-Jua?rez A,, Rojo .Z,. Salemb M, Va?zquez-Armijoa J.F et al. Concentracio?n de algunos elementos minerales en el suero sangui?neo de cabras no lactantes en una regio?n subtropical del suroeste del Estado de Me?xico]Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 15(2012): 71-75
(17) Kaneko, J.J“Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals”.4th edition- San Diego. Academic Press, 1989
(18) Jackson, P., Cockcroft, P. Appendix 3-Laboratory Reference Values Biochemistry en Clinical examination of farm animals. Oxford, Blackwell Sciences Ltd 2002.
(19) Orden E A, Serra A. P., Serra S D Aganom C.P. et al – Mineral concentration in blood of crazing goats and some forage in Lahar – Laden area of central Luzon, Phillippines. Assian- Aus.J. Anim. Sci. 1999. 12(3): 422-428. [Internet] Acceso 12/05/2017.
(20) Cotton G Wilkinson G Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. 5thEdition NewYork. J. Wiley and Sons . 1988
(21) Jahnen-Dechent W and Ketteler M - Magnesium basics- Clin Kidney J. 2012 Feb; 5(Suppl 1): i3–i14. doi: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfr163.
(22) Dan Schauff, The Importance of Macro-Minerals: Magnesium The Agri-King Advantage [Internet] 2014; Acceso 12/12/2016; 5, (3). www.agriking.com.
(23) Guyot H, Trace minerals deficiency diagnosis in ruminants. In Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Soc.of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. .Klinkon M, Jezek J, Staric J, Eds.- 45-50. Univ. of Ljubljana-Ljubljana (2012).
(24) Trezeguet M.anilla, G., Lacchini, R., Muro, G. et al.. 2008. Evolucio?n de indicadores del metabolismo mineral de cabras em gestacio?n y lactancia con diferentes niveles nutricionales..Art Rumiantes.2008 [Internet] Acceso 18/02/2017-Albe?itar Ed. on line . http://albeitar.portalveterinaria.com/
(25) Brzezin?ska M. Krawczyk M., Changes of the mineral profile of serum of goats in various physiological states- J. Elementol. 2009, [ Internet] Acceso :8/05/2017 14(4): 649–656
(26) Brzezin?ska, M. ,Krawczyk, M. 2010. The influence of pregnancy and lactation on the magnesium and calcium concentration in goats blood serum.. J. Elementol. 2010,[Internet] Acceso :8/05/2017 - 15,(1) 31-47
(27) Elnageeb, M.E., Adelatif, A.M. The minerals profiles in desert ewes (Ovis aries): Effects of pregnancy, lactation and dietary supplementation. American- Euroasiam J. Agric. Environ. Sci. [ Internet] 2010 Acceso 14/12/2016; 7 (1), 18-30
(26) Brzezin?ska, M. ,Krawczyk, M. 2010. The influence of pregnancy and lactation on the magnesium and calcium concentration in goats blood serum.. J. Elementol. 2010,[Internet] Acceso :8/05/2017 - 15,(1) 31-47
(27) Elnageeb, M.E., Adelatif, A.M. The minerals profiles in desert ewes (Ovis aries): Effects of pregnancy, lactation and dietary supplementation. American- Euroasiam J. Agric. Environ. Sci. [ Internet] 2010 Acceso 14/12/2016; 7 (1), 18-30
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Selected macro minerals in blood of goats of Paraguay: calcium and magnesium analysis in Saanen dairy goats in transition pre and postpartum period. Rev. Soc. cient. Py. [Internet]. 2018 May 23 [cited 2025 Oct. 7];22(1):75-86. Available from: http://sociedadcientifica.org.py/ojs/index.php/rscpy/article/view/13
