Avances en la comprensión del desarrollo y la evolución del Carpelo en Angiospermas: una revisión molecular y filogenética
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32480/rscp.2026.e3105Palabras clave:
carpelo, angiospermas, evolución floral, genes MADS-box, redes reguladoras, especies modeloResumen
La flor constituye una de las estructuras más sofisticadas y emblemáticas en la evolución de las plantas con flores, y su origen representa aún hoy un enigma central en la biología vegetal. En esta revisión, se abordan los avances recientes en la comprensión de la base molecular del desarrollo del carpelo, órgano fundamental tanto para la reproducción sexual como para la definición evolutiva de las angiospermas. Se examina con detalle la red reguladora génica que controla la formación del gineceo en Arabidopsis thaliana y se contrasta con información disponible de angiospermas basales y gimnospermas las cuales son especies de linajes filogenéticos clave. Además, se revisan especies no modelo las cuales están emergiendo como herramientas valiosas para el estudio evolutivo debido a sus características particulares. Finalmente, se presentan nuevas metodologías—como la secuenciación de nueva generación, la reconstrucción filogenómica y los estudios funcionales—que están permitiendo avanzar hacia una reconstrucción más precisa de las redes genéticas ancestrales involucradas en la formación del carpelo. Se busca así, integrar evidencias interdisciplinarias con el fin de contribuir a una comprensión más profunda del origen y la diversificación de las flores en los angiospermas.
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