Evaluación de la calidad del aire utilizando el ensayo de aborto de polen en Tradescantia pallida en una ciudad de tamaño mediano en el sur de Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32480/rscp.2021.26.1.6Palabras clave:
contaminación atmosférica, biomonitoreo, polen, genotoxicidadResumen
La urbanización es una fuente importante de contaminantes atmosféricos que pueden comprometer la salud humana. En los países en desarrollo, como Brasil, la mayoría de las ciudades no tienen estaciones de monitoreo de la calidad del aire. La evaluación de la calidad del aire a través de especies vegetales ha ganado una importancia reconocida, ya que son organismos sésiles y sensibles a los cambios ambientales. El ensayo de aborto de polen en Tradescantia pallida es un bioensayo rápido y de bajo costo que puede ser implementado en escenarios de biomonitoreo pasivo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo utilizar el ensayo de aborto con polen en T. pallida para evaluar la calidad del aire en el municipio de Rio Grande, RS, Brasil y la posible relación con el flujo vehicular. Se encontró relación entre las tasas más altas de aborto de polen y los sitios donde hay mayor flujo vehicular y niveles de ozono, mientras que en el punto de control se obtuvo la tasa más baja de aborto de polen entre los demás, corroborando la hipótesis de que la contaminación del aire junto con altos niveles de ozono de los vehículos perjudica la polinización de las plantas.
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2. Akimoto H. Global Air Quality and Pollution. Science. 2003;302(5651):1716-1719.
3. Brasil. Resolução CONAMA Nº 491/2018 - Dispõe sobre padrões de qualidade do ar. [Internet]. 2018 [cited 30 September 2020]. Available from: http://www2.mma.gov.br/port/conama/legiabre.cfm?codlegi=740
4. World Health Organization. WHO air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. 2005 [cited 30 September 2020]. Available from: http://whqlibdoc. who.int/hq/2006/WHO_SDE_PHE_OEH_06.02_eng.pdf.
5. Lindén J, Boman J, Holmer B, Thorsson S, Eliasson I. Intra-urban air pollution in a rapidly growing Sahelian city. Environment International. 2012;40:51-62.
6. Réquia W, Koutrakis P, Roig H. Spatial distribution of vehicle emission inventories in the Federal District, Brazil. Atmospheric Environment. 2015;112:32-39.
7. Greguskova E, Mi?ieta K. Phytoindication of the ecogenotoxic effects of vehicle emissions using pollen abortion test with native flora. Pol Journal Environmental Study. 2013;22:1069-1076.
8. Mišík M, Mi?ieta K, Solenská M, Mišíková K, Pisar?íková H, Knasmüller S. In situ biomonitoring of the genotoxic effects of mixed industrial emissions using the Tradescantia micronucleus and pollen abortion tests with wild life plants: Demonstration of the efficacy of emission controls in an eastern European city. Environmental Pollution. 2007;145(2):459-466.
9. Carneiro M, Ribeiro F, Fernandes-Filho F, Lobo D, Barbosa F, Rhoden C et al. Pollen abortion rates, nitrogen dioxide by passive diffusive tubes and bioaccumulation in tree barks are effective in the characterization of air pollution. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2011;72(2):272-277.
10. Carvalho-Oliveira R, Amato-Lourenço L, Moreira T, Silva D, Vieira B, Mauad T et al. Effectiveness of traffic-related elements in tree bark and pollen abortion rates for assessing air pollution exposure on respiratory mortality rates. Environment International. 2017;99:161-169.
11. de Oliveira Alves N, de Souza Hacon S, de Oliveira Galvão M, Simões Peixotoc M, Artaxo P, de Castro Vasconcellos P et al. Genetic damage of organic matter in the Brazilian Amazon: A comparative study between intense and moderate biomass burning. Environmental Research. 2014;130:51-58.
12. Santos A, Segura-Muñoz S, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo J, Martinez C et al. Traffic-related air pollution biomonitoring with Tradescantia pallida (Rose) Hunt. cv. purpurea Boom in Brazil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2015;187(2).
13. Krupa S, Manning W. Atmospheric ozone: Formation and effects on vegetation. Environmental Pollution. 1988;50(1-2):101-137.
14. Wilkinson S, Mills G, Illidge R, Davies W. How is ozone pollution reducing our food supply?. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2011;63(2):527-536.
15. Fleck A, Vieira M, Amantéa S, Rhoden C. A Comparison of the Human Buccal Cell Assay and the Pollen Abortion Assay in Assessing Genotoxicity in an Urban-Rural Gradient. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014;11(9):8825-8838.
16. Brasil. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 2020 [cited 30 September 2020]. Available from: https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidades-e-estados/rs/rio-grande.html
17. Garcia F, Mirlean N, Baisch P. Marcadores metálicos como avaliação do impacto crônico de emissões petroquímicas em zona urbana. Química Nova. 2010;33(3):716-720.
18. da Silva Júnior F, Feijo Fernandes C, Tavella R, Hoscha L, Martins Baisch P. Genotoxic damage in coelomocytes of Eisenia andrei exposed to urban soils. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. 2019;842:111-116.
19. Honscha L, de Moura R, Baisch P, Da Silva Júnior F. Increasingly Distant from Eden—a Look at the Soils of Protected Areas Using Ecotoxicological Tests and Chemical Analysis. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2019;230(7)..
20. Gutierrez F, Eslava Martins S, Honscha L, de Lima Brum R, Vargas V, Mirlean N et al. Is There Something in the Air? Sources, Concentrations and Ionic Composition of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in an Industrial Coastal City in Southern Brazil. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2020;231(5).
21. da Silva Júnior F, Honscha L, Brum R, Ramires P, Tavella R, Fernandes C et al. Air quality in cities of the extreme south of Brazil. Ecotoxicology And Environmental Contamination. 2020;15:61-67.
22. IBGE. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística . Censo brasileiro de 2010. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2012.
23. Brasil. Denatran. - Frota de veículos 2019. 2019 [cited 30 September 2020]. Available from: https://infraestrutura.gov.br/component/content/article/115-portal-denatran/8559-frota-de-veiculos-2019.html.
24. Mi?ieta K, Murín G. Microspore analysis for genotoxicity of a polluted environment. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 1996;36(1):21-27.
25. Mišík M, Solenská M, Mi?ieta K, Mišíková K, Knasmüller S. In situ monitoring of clastogenicity of ambient air in Bratislava, Slovakia using the Tradescantia micronucleus assay and pollen abortion assays. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. 2006;605(1-2):1-6.
26. Fleck A, Moresco M, Rhoden C. Assessing the genotoxicity of traffic-related air pollutants by means of plant biomonitoring in cities of a Brazilian metropolitan area crossed by a major highway. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2016;7(3):488-493.
27. Solenská M, Mi?ieta K, Mišík M. Plant Bioassays for an in Situ Monitoring of Air Near an Industrial Area and a Municipal Solid Waste – ŽILINA (SLOVAKIA). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2006;115(1-3):499-508.
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2021-06-10
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1.
Ceglinski L de V, Garcia EM, Reis FO, Tavella RA, Rodrigues da Silva Júnior FM. Evaluación de la calidad del aire utilizando el ensayo de aborto de polen en Tradescantia pallida en una ciudad de tamaño mediano en el sur de Brasil. Rev. Soc. cient. Parag. [Internet]. 10 de junio de 2021 [citado 22 de septiembre de 2023];26(1):6-16. Disponible en: http://sociedadcientifica.org.py/ojs/index.php/rscpy/article/view/176
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