Perspectiva del COVID-19 sobre la contaminación del aire
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32480/rscp.2020.25.2.155Palabras clave:
COVID-19, contaminación del aire, contaminación ambiental, revisión de literaturaResumen
La pandemia COVID-19 genera preocupación en todo el mundo, desde que el 30 de enero se declaró como emergencia de salud mundial (WHO), lo cual trajo consigo el cambio en el estilo de vida de la población, cierre de sistemas de transporte, paralización de actividades económicas, reduciendo las emisiones de contaminantes al ambiente, causando la mejora de la calidad del aire en muchas ciudades a nivel mundial. Hasta el momento, se han publicado varios estudios de revisión enfocados en los impactos ambientales por COVID-19, sin embargo, ninguno se enfoca específicamente en la contaminación del aire. Por lo cual, el objetivo principal fue presentar una revisión basada en un análisis integral de los estudios publicados abordando implicancias teóricas usadas dentro de los estudios. Se analizaron 68 estudios, los cuales se publicaron en 17 revistas hasta agosto del 2020. Además, se abordan posibles futuras investigaciones en relación al tema. Finalmente se exponen las conclusiones de la presente revisión.
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1. Dutheil F, Baker JS, Navel V. COVID-19 as a factor influencing air pollution? Environ Pollut. 2020;263. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114466
2. Arora S, Bhaukhandi KD, Mishra PK. Coronavirus lockdown helped the environment to bounce back. Sci Total Environ. 2020;742. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140573
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4. Zoran MA, Savastru RS, Savastru DM, Tautan MN. Assessing the relationship between ground levels of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with coronavirus (COVID-19) in Milan, Italy. Sci Total Environ. 2020;740. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140005
5. Chen Y, Zhang S, Peng C, Shi G, Tian M, Huang R-J, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and control measures on air quality and aerosol light absorption in Southwestern China. Sci Total Environ. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141419
6. Chakraborty I, Maity P. COVID-19 outbreak: Migration, effects on society, global environment and prevention. Sci Total Environ. 2020;728. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138882
7. Abdullah S, Mansor AA, Napi NNLM, Mansor WNW, Ahmed AN, Ismail M, et al. Air quality status during 2020 Malaysia Movement Control Order (MCO) due to 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic. Sci Total Environ. 2020;729. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139022
8. Zhang Z, Xue T, Jin X. Effects of meteorological conditions and air pollution on COVID-19 transmission: Evidence from 219 Chinese cities. Sci Total Environ. 2020;741. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140244
9. Zhu Y, Xie J, Huang F, Cao L. Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 infection: Evidence from China. Sci Total Environ. 2020;727. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138704
10. Yao Y, Pan J, Wang W, Liu Z, Kan H, Qiu Y, et al. Association of particulate matter pollution and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in 49 Chinese cities. Sci Total Environ. 2020;741. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140396
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15. Zambrano-Monserrate MA, Ruano MA, Sanchez-Alcalde L. Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment. Sci Total Environ. 2020;728. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138813
16. Otmani A, Benchrif A, Tahri M, Bounakhla M, Chakir EM, El Bouch M, et al. Impact of Covid-19 lockdown on PM10, SO2 and NO2 concentrations in Salé City (Morocco). Sci Total Environ. 2020;735. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139541
17. Sharma S, Zhang M, Anshika, Gao J, Zhang H, Kota SH. Effect of restricted emissions during COVID-19 on air quality in India. Sci Total Environ. 2020;728. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138878
18. Mahato S, Pal S, Ghosh KG. Effect of lockdown amid COVID-19 pandemic on air quality of the megacity Delhi, India. Sci Total Environ. 2020;730. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086
19. Mandal I, Pal S. COVID-19 pandemic persuaded lockdown effects on environment over stone quarrying and crushing areas. Sci Total Environ. 2020;732. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139281
20. Li H, Xu X-L, Dai D-W, Huang Z-Y, Ma Z, Guan Y-J. Air pollution and temperature are associated with increased COVID-19 incidence: A time series study. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;97:278-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.076
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22. Wang Q, Su M. A preliminary assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on environment – A case study of China. Sci Total Environ. 2020;728. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138915
23. Bao R, Zhang A. Does lockdown reduce air pollution? Evidence from 44 cities in northern China. Sci Total Environ. 2020;731. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139052
24. Wang P, Chen K, Zhu S, Wang P, Zhang H. Severe air pollution events not avoided by reduced anthropogenic activities during COVID-19 outbreak. Resour Conserv Recycl. 2020;158. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104814
25. Kerimray A, Baimatova N, Ibragimova OP, Bukenov B, Kenessov B, Plotitsyn P, et al. Assessing air quality changes in large cities during COVID-19 lockdowns: The impacts of traffic-free urban conditions in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Sci Total Environ. 2020;730. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139179
26. Ju MJ, Oh J, Choi Y-H. Changes in air pollution levels after COVID-19 outbreak in Korea. Sci Total Environ. 2021;750. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141521
27. Berman JD, Ebisu K. Changes in U.S. air pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Total Environ. 2020;739. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139864
28. Dantas G, Siciliano B, França BB, Silva CM da, Arbilla G. The impact of COVID-19 partial lockdown on the air quality of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci Total Environ. 2020;729. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139085
29. Nakada LYK, Urban RC. COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on the air quality during the partial lockdown in São Paulo state, Brazil. Sci Total Environ. 2020;730. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139087
30. Zambrano-Monserrate MA, Ruano MA. Has air quality improved in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic? A parametric analysis. Air Qual Atmosphere Health. 2020;13(8):929-38. doi: 10.1007/s11869-020-00866-y
31. Pacheco H, Díaz-López S, Jarre E, Pacheco H, Méndez W, Zamora-Ledezma E. NO2 levels after the COVID-19 lockdown in Ecuador: A trade-off between environment and human health. Urban Clim. 2020;34. doi: 10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100674
32. Zalakeviciute R, Vasquez R, Bayas D, Buenano A, Mejia D, Zegarra R, et al. Drastic Improvements in Air Quality in Ecuador during the COVID-19 Outbreak. Aerosol Air Qual Res. 2020;20(8):1783-92. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2020.05.0254
33. Rodríguez-Urrego D, Rodríguez-Urrego L. Air quality during the COVID-19: PM2.5 analysis in the 50 most polluted capital cities in the world. Environ Pollut. 2020;266. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115042
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35. Saadat S, Rawtani D, Hussain CM. Environmental perspective of COVID-19. Sci Total Environ. 2020;728. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138870
36. Conticini E, Frediani B, Caro D. Can atmospheric pollution be considered a co-factor in extremely high level of SARS-CoV-2 lethality in Northern Italy? Environ Pollut Barking Essex 1987. 2020;261. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114465
37. Pansini R, Fornacca D. COVID-19 higher morbidity and mortality in Chinese regions with lower air quality. medRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.05.28.20115832
38. Ogen Y. Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality. Sci Total Environ. 2020;726. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138605
39. Arias RM, Mejía JV. Gaussian approach for probability and correlation between the number of COVID-19 cases and the air pollution in Lima. Urban Clim. 2020;33. doi: 10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100664
40. Wu X, Nethery R, Sabath B, Braun D, Dominici F. Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: A nationwide cross-sectional study. 2020; Disponible en: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.05.20054502v2
41. Cole M, Ozgen C, Strobl E. Air Pollution Exposure and COVID-19. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network; 2020. Report No.: ID 3628242. Disponible en: https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3628242
42. Adams MD. Air pollution in Ontario, Canada during the COVID-19 State of Emergency. Sci Total Environ. 2020;742. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140516
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2. Arora S, Bhaukhandi KD, Mishra PK. Coronavirus lockdown helped the environment to bounce back. Sci Total Environ. 2020;742. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140573
3. Hendryx M, Luo J. COVID-19 prevalence and fatality rates in association with air pollution emission concentrations and emission sources. Environ Pollut. 2020;265. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115126
4. Zoran MA, Savastru RS, Savastru DM, Tautan MN. Assessing the relationship between ground levels of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with coronavirus (COVID-19) in Milan, Italy. Sci Total Environ. 2020;740. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140005
5. Chen Y, Zhang S, Peng C, Shi G, Tian M, Huang R-J, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and control measures on air quality and aerosol light absorption in Southwestern China. Sci Total Environ. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141419
6. Chakraborty I, Maity P. COVID-19 outbreak: Migration, effects on society, global environment and prevention. Sci Total Environ. 2020;728. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138882
7. Abdullah S, Mansor AA, Napi NNLM, Mansor WNW, Ahmed AN, Ismail M, et al. Air quality status during 2020 Malaysia Movement Control Order (MCO) due to 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic. Sci Total Environ. 2020;729. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139022
8. Zhang Z, Xue T, Jin X. Effects of meteorological conditions and air pollution on COVID-19 transmission: Evidence from 219 Chinese cities. Sci Total Environ. 2020;741. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140244
9. Zhu Y, Xie J, Huang F, Cao L. Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 infection: Evidence from China. Sci Total Environ. 2020;727. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138704
10. Yao Y, Pan J, Wang W, Liu Z, Kan H, Qiu Y, et al. Association of particulate matter pollution and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in 49 Chinese cities. Sci Total Environ. 2020;741. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140396
11. Riccò M, Ranzieri S, Balzarini F, Bragazzi NL, Corradi M. SARS-CoV-2 infection and air pollutants: Correlation or causation? Sci Total Environ. 2020;734. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139489
12. Tobías A, Carnerero C, Reche C, Massagué J, Via M, Minguillón MC, et al. Changes in air quality during the lockdown in Barcelona (Spain) one month into the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Sci Total Environ. 2020;726. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138540
13. Shakil MH, Munim ZH, Tasnia M, Sarowar S. COVID-19 and the environment: A critical review and research agenda. Sci Total Environ. 2020;745. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141022
14. Sicard P, De Marco A, Agathokleous E, Feng Z, Xu X, Paoletti E, et al. Amplified ozone pollution in cities during the COVID-19 lockdown. Sci Total Environ. 2020;735. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139542
15. Zambrano-Monserrate MA, Ruano MA, Sanchez-Alcalde L. Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment. Sci Total Environ. 2020;728. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138813
16. Otmani A, Benchrif A, Tahri M, Bounakhla M, Chakir EM, El Bouch M, et al. Impact of Covid-19 lockdown on PM10, SO2 and NO2 concentrations in Salé City (Morocco). Sci Total Environ. 2020;735. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139541
17. Sharma S, Zhang M, Anshika, Gao J, Zhang H, Kota SH. Effect of restricted emissions during COVID-19 on air quality in India. Sci Total Environ. 2020;728. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138878
18. Mahato S, Pal S, Ghosh KG. Effect of lockdown amid COVID-19 pandemic on air quality of the megacity Delhi, India. Sci Total Environ. 2020;730. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086
19. Mandal I, Pal S. COVID-19 pandemic persuaded lockdown effects on environment over stone quarrying and crushing areas. Sci Total Environ. 2020;732. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139281
20. Li H, Xu X-L, Dai D-W, Huang Z-Y, Ma Z, Guan Y-J. Air pollution and temperature are associated with increased COVID-19 incidence: A time series study. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;97:278-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.076
21. Collivignarelli MC, Abbà A, Bertanza G, Pedrazzani R, Ricciardi P, Carnevale Miino M. Lockdown for CoViD-2019 in Milan: What are the effects on air quality? Sci Total Environ. 2020;732. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139280
22. Wang Q, Su M. A preliminary assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on environment – A case study of China. Sci Total Environ. 2020;728. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138915
23. Bao R, Zhang A. Does lockdown reduce air pollution? Evidence from 44 cities in northern China. Sci Total Environ. 2020;731. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139052
24. Wang P, Chen K, Zhu S, Wang P, Zhang H. Severe air pollution events not avoided by reduced anthropogenic activities during COVID-19 outbreak. Resour Conserv Recycl. 2020;158. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104814
25. Kerimray A, Baimatova N, Ibragimova OP, Bukenov B, Kenessov B, Plotitsyn P, et al. Assessing air quality changes in large cities during COVID-19 lockdowns: The impacts of traffic-free urban conditions in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Sci Total Environ. 2020;730. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139179
26. Ju MJ, Oh J, Choi Y-H. Changes in air pollution levels after COVID-19 outbreak in Korea. Sci Total Environ. 2021;750. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141521
27. Berman JD, Ebisu K. Changes in U.S. air pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Total Environ. 2020;739. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139864
28. Dantas G, Siciliano B, França BB, Silva CM da, Arbilla G. The impact of COVID-19 partial lockdown on the air quality of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci Total Environ. 2020;729. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139085
29. Nakada LYK, Urban RC. COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on the air quality during the partial lockdown in São Paulo state, Brazil. Sci Total Environ. 2020;730. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139087
30. Zambrano-Monserrate MA, Ruano MA. Has air quality improved in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic? A parametric analysis. Air Qual Atmosphere Health. 2020;13(8):929-38. doi: 10.1007/s11869-020-00866-y
31. Pacheco H, Díaz-López S, Jarre E, Pacheco H, Méndez W, Zamora-Ledezma E. NO2 levels after the COVID-19 lockdown in Ecuador: A trade-off between environment and human health. Urban Clim. 2020;34. doi: 10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100674
32. Zalakeviciute R, Vasquez R, Bayas D, Buenano A, Mejia D, Zegarra R, et al. Drastic Improvements in Air Quality in Ecuador during the COVID-19 Outbreak. Aerosol Air Qual Res. 2020;20(8):1783-92. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2020.05.0254
33. Rodríguez-Urrego D, Rodríguez-Urrego L. Air quality during the COVID-19: PM2.5 analysis in the 50 most polluted capital cities in the world. Environ Pollut. 2020;266. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115042
34. Chauhan A, Singh RP. Decline in PM2.5 concentrations over major cities around the world associated with COVID-19. Environ Res. 2020;187. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109634
35. Saadat S, Rawtani D, Hussain CM. Environmental perspective of COVID-19. Sci Total Environ. 2020;728. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138870
36. Conticini E, Frediani B, Caro D. Can atmospheric pollution be considered a co-factor in extremely high level of SARS-CoV-2 lethality in Northern Italy? Environ Pollut Barking Essex 1987. 2020;261. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114465
37. Pansini R, Fornacca D. COVID-19 higher morbidity and mortality in Chinese regions with lower air quality. medRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.05.28.20115832
38. Ogen Y. Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality. Sci Total Environ. 2020;726. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138605
39. Arias RM, Mejía JV. Gaussian approach for probability and correlation between the number of COVID-19 cases and the air pollution in Lima. Urban Clim. 2020;33. doi: 10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100664
40. Wu X, Nethery R, Sabath B, Braun D, Dominici F. Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: A nationwide cross-sectional study. 2020; Disponible en: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.05.20054502v2
41. Cole M, Ozgen C, Strobl E. Air Pollution Exposure and COVID-19. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network; 2020. Report No.: ID 3628242. Disponible en: https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3628242
42. Adams MD. Air pollution in Ontario, Canada during the COVID-19 State of Emergency. Sci Total Environ. 2020;742. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140516
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10.11.2020
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Lanchipa Ale TM, Moreno-Salazar K, Luque-Zúñiga B. Perspectiva del COVID-19 sobre la contaminación del aire. Rev. Soc. cient. Py. [Internet]. 10 de noviembre de 2020 [citado 26 de marzo de 2025];25(2):155-82. Disponible en: http://sociedadcientifica.org.py/ojs/index.php/rscpy/article/view/123
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